@BrianM.Scott i am gonna take a stab and say n+1 chose 2 times m+1 chose 2. Number of possible ways to distribute 15 chocolate bars among 10 children, Winning strategy in game of cutting rectangle. The player who is left with a piece of chocolate, and hence cannot make another move, loses the game. It's a great way to learn of odd and even numbers. Sorry - forgot to add that restriction. - GitHub - pindio58/Breaking-chocolate-problem: Your task is to split the chocolate bar of given dimension n x m into small squares. A portion of the liquor can be pressed to produce cocoa butter, which makes up roughly 50% of the beans' weight. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Centering layers in OpenLayers v4 after layer loading. Implement a function that will return minimum number of breaks needed. Cheers, that seems to answer my problem completely. If you're 150 pounds, you should eat at least 54 grams of protein daily. The answer for 55 is always the same 24. kebien6020 (3 kyu) The reason? If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. Today I have a problem with this one: "Your task is to split the chocolate bar of given dimension n x m into small squares. Use Git or checkout with SVN using the web URL. minimum number of breaks chocolate bar. What is the minimum number? We prove that a rectangular bar with $n$ squares always requires $n-1$ breaks. your rules are too restrictive, in order to break anything up into n parts, you will need a minimum of n-1 breaks, but since breaks have to be along one edge and cannot divine a small piece into two also you cannot do a compound break (in your clarifications section), what you ask is impossible. 02 : 16. I would think a negative result would be a pretty good indicator of invalid input but, OK, if you feel using zero as the standard indicator is significant then why isn't that mentioned in the posted answer? Of course, m 1 + m 2 = N. Breaking Chocolate Bars. Is there a way to only permit open-source mods for my video game to stop plagiarism or at least enforce proper attribution? For example if you are given a chocolate bar of size 2 x 1 you can split it to single squares in just one break, but for size 3 x 1 you must do two breaks. There are m students, the task is to distribute chocolate packets such that: Each student gets one packet. What to do about it? For example. One break of one piece of the candy bar will result in that one piece being divided into two pieces. i.e., the concepts that odd and even numbers are of different parities. 2021-10-12 Added 93 answers. Implement a function that will return minimum number of breaks needed. (Explanation: it clearly does not matter how many piles one starts with. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. It only takes a minute to sign up. You can break a bar only in a straight line, and only one bar can be broken at a time. A chocolate bar measures 40 mm wide, 80 mm long, and 5 and 1 over 2 mm high. A popular example is a Snickers bar, which consists of nougat mixed with caramel and peanuts, covered in milk chocolate. For some reason, the output is constantly 0 no matter what sides of the chocolate bar I provide. Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? 1. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? You can try Imhoff Park in Kommetjie too, they have a number of long term and permanent residents but your bus might be a challenge wrt space. If the result is even, the second player wins. public static int breakChocolate(int n, int m) {. Is this a bug? You can break a bar only in a straight line, and only one bar can be broken at a time. Best Break-Apart Bars: Dove Dark Chocolate Candy Bars at Amazon. Google Coding Question - Divide Chocolate (LeetCode) A good way to answer this question would be to use a breadth-first search algorithm. Chocolate Bar Algorithm - Minimum Number of breaks, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Each square is of size 1x1 and unbreakable. darn, I was about to post this answer something along the lines of a rectangular chocolate of size 1x(LCM(factors(n-1)), @Welbog Maximum breaks is n; not n -1. The chocolate bar game. There are n people in the room. Starting from 1 piece, we need mn - 1 steps to get to mn pieces. I'd like to add that the rules would enforce which breaks of the chocolate bar are legal and those possible states which are not legal are thrown out from the algorithm. Anti-matter as matter going backwards in time? Or can we allow for multiple breaks? Each square is of size 1x1 and unbreakable. Wish I could mark it as the accepted answer but it wouldn't be fair to Welbog =) What's the mathematical significance of the sqrt though? To proof: We make n 1 breaks to break a chocolate bar. So the rectangle could even come from the middle of the bar, sharing, @BrianM.Scott pretty much can come from anywhere as long as we respect the nature of the breaks. Could very old employee stock options still be accessible and viable? So a bar of k+1 squares can be broken down to 2 rectangles with squares To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. The bar must be broken only in a straight line, and once broken, only one piece at a time can be further broken. Sold by Betty Bet and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. Are there conventions to indicate a new item in a list? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. cutting cost for each edge will be given for the board. Input will always be a non-negative integer.". Why do universities check for plagiarism in student assignments with online content? Let there be a bar of N > 1 squares. For example, given the above bar of chocolate, the first player has eight possible moves: she could break it . How can I find the time complexity of an algorithm? Your algorithm should look something like the following: The efficiency of this algorithm is O(n), because each iteration spends a constant time in each node, with each node being visited only once. The reason? It was later relaunched as the Snickers Almond barbut I've never heard of it. Step 1. A move consists in writing a plus or a minus sign between two adjacent terms. It generally takes (n - 1) snaps to totally split a chocolate bar up: for example, 3 for a four-piece Kit-Kat and 11 for a twelve-piece Hershey's bar.Let c(n) indicate the number of snaps required to break a rectangular bar with n parts into n pieces. One chocolate will be given to person at position i if both the adjacent values are equal to a[i] i.e, a[i-1] == a[i] == a[i+1] For a flat subarray of length k, the chocolate distribution will be [1, 1, ,1]. However, in the real world (if it were a chocolate bar), you would first break it in half and then break each half again, separately. The bar must be broken only in a straight line, and once broken, only one piece at a time can be further broken. Given a 2d array, arr[][] and a piece of the chocolate bar of dimension N M, the task is to find the minimum possible sum of the area of invalid pieces by dividing the chocolate bar into one or more pieces where a chocolate piece is called invalid if the dimension of that piece doesn't match any given pair.. This operation will cost you the square of break length. Scala puts precedence on implicit conversion over natural operations Why? 2. Each smaller rectangle of this bar gives weigh to 2 ver 2 horizontal lines. Implement a function that will return minimum number of breaks needed. (For one bigger piece have been replaced with two smaller ones.) Cost: 2.19 UK Government: Shop or Supermarket: Other ingredients: Chocolate Company: Farmers: Cost: 49p UK Government: Shop or Supermarket: Other ingredients: Chocolate Company: Farmers: Code-only answers are discouraged here on SO. This is actually a very simply problem, something similar to the old puzzle: if you have 55 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament, obviously some of them have to get byes in the first round, so there won't be a perfect even bracket. Design an algorithm that solves the problem with the minimum number of bar breaks. A chocolate bar (Commonwealth English) or candy bar (some dialects of American English) is a confection containing chocolate, which may also contain layerings or mixtures that include nuts, fruit, caramel, nougat, and wafers.A wide variety of chocolate bar brands are sold. Every break increases the number of pieces by one! How to make a coconut chocolate bar Homemade Bounty bar for kids, Google Coding Question - Divide Chocolate (LeetCode). Easy interview question got harder: given numbers 1..100, find the missing number(s) given exactly k are missing, Ukkonen's suffix tree algorithm in plain English, Image Processing: Algorithm Improvement for 'Coca-Cola Can' Recognition. Input will always be a non-negative integer. if you are given a chocolate bar of size 2 x 1 you can split it to single squares in just one break, but for size 3 x 1 you must do two breaks. Your task is to split the chocolate bar of given dimension n x m into small squares. It should be now clear that the rectangular formation of a chocolate bar is a red herring. Design an algorithm that solves the problem with the minimum number of bar breaks. When there is no pieces to break, each piece is a small square. Implement a function that will return minimum number of breaks needed. Test Results: If a bar has n pieces, break it into pieces of size a and b. TestCases Would the median household income in the USA be $140K and mean net worth $800K if wealth were evenly distributed. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for Algorithm to divide a black-and-white chocolate bar. Each square is of size 1x1 and unbreakable. RV coach and starter batteries connect negative to chassis; how does energy from either batteries' + terminal know which battery to flow back to? Breaking the chocolate bar can be represented by a binary tree. These games are not very challenging as such. The basic fact explained above may appear in many different guises. As yx pointed out, n - 1 is the minimum number of breaks required to break the bar into n pieces. Statement (2) If the chocolate bar production rate is increased from half the machine's maximum rate by 300 chocolate bars per hour, the rate is increased by 25%. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Each square is of size 1x1 and unbreakable. No matter. (a) Suppose you have a whole chocolate bar composed of n > 1 individual pieces. Implement a function that will return minimum number of breaks needed. site design / logo 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. Best Single Source: Omnom Chocolate 73% Nicaragua Icelandic Bean To Bar Chocolate at Amazon. Is anti-matter matter going backwards in time? Your task is to split the chocolate bar of given dimension n x m into small squares. Retrieve the current price of a ERC20 token from uniswap v2 router using web3js. Completed in 1ms Scheduling with Google messages. For example if you are given a chocolate bar of size 2 x 1 you can split it to single squares in just one break, but for size 3 x 1 you must do two breaks. Thinking of a tree trunk as a big log, it took 75 - 25 = 50 cuts to get 75 logs out of 25. #return minimum number of breaks needed. . For example, when n = 4, LCM(4,3,2,1) = 12. So the solution needs to only output p and q and not where to break them? Algorithm to divide a chocolate bar in equal parts, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. If input data is invalid you should return 0 (as in no breaks are needed if we do not have any chocolate to split). How many weeks of holidays does a Ph.D. student in Germany have the right to take? A chocolate bar with $n * m$ pieces must be broken into $nm$ $1*1 . $10.95 ($0.91/Count) In Stock. Work fast with our official CLI. How can my script determine the largest number that Bash arithmetic can handle? What procedure will minimize the number of moves required to solve an N-piece puzzle? rev2023.3.1.43269. Your task is to split the chocolate bar of given dimension n x m into small squares. A random thought popped into my head (when I was sharing a chocolate bar of course!). (Explanation: The result does not depend on the particular distribution of signs at all. By the induction assumption, dissecting the $a$-rectangle into unit squares will use $a-1$ breaks, and the $b$-rectangle will use $b-1$ breaks, for a total of $1+(a-1)+(b-1)=n-1$. By breaking an existing piece horizontally or vertically, you merely increase the total number of pieces by one. If there are just one square we clearly need no breaks. Implement a function that will return minimum number of breaks needed. Jump to Review. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Input will always be a non-negative integer. |Eye opener| Why does mean "I can't wait any longer"? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. This number denotes how much of a chocolate bar is made of actual cocoa bean product. Other simple games may be thought up to explain and reinforce the notion of parity, The cost of this cut will be 3 . Then decrement b checking it is greater than 1 to get the number of "vertical" breaks. Statement (1) Currently, the machine produces 1,200 chocolate bars per hour. What is the meaning of "M. M." in this tempo mark? Why does [Ni(gly)2] show optical isomerism despite having no chiral carbon? Is quantile regression a maximum likelihood method? Best for Gifting: Chuao Chocolatier Share the Love Chocolate Bars at Amazon. With every meet, the number of teams in the competition is decreased by 1. Solution. A chocolate bar (Commonwealth English) or candy bar (some dialects of American English) is a confection containing chocolate, which may also contain layerings or mixtures that include nuts, fruit, caramel, nougat, and wafers.A flat, easily breakable, chocolate bar is also called a tablet.In some varieties of English and food labeling standards, the term chocolate bar is reserved for bars of . Breaking chocolate problem. Another way to reach the same conclusion is to focus on "bottom left corners of squares": Keep the chocolate rectangle in front of you . To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Unfortunately, no matter how you do it, you will always use exactly $nm-1$ breaks. Home; Services; Fotos; Videos; Contacts; First decrement a checking it is greater than 1 to get the number of "horizontal" breaks to get the slices. To my surprise, this problem is reduced to simple arithmetic. The algorithm would try every possible break of the whole chocolate bar. Jump to Review. What are the exponential alternatives that are skipped in dynamic programming for longest increasing subsequence? 19. (Answer), (C. W. Trigg, Mathematical Quickies, Dover, 1985, #29.). Clone with Git or checkout with SVN using the repositorys web address. The problem with this method is that it doesn't consider issues such as sarcopenia. So a bar of k+1 squares can be broken down to 2 rectangles with squares k , which is already true. For example, given the above bar of chocolate, the first player has eight possible moves: she could break it along any one of the 5 vertical lines, or along any of the 3 horizontal lines. 6.3. Assume you have a chocolate bar consisting, as usual, of a number of squares arranged A dozen would be much better, because then I might want to run some tests with my friends. Starting from 1 piece, we need mn - 1 steps to get to mn pieces. At the beginning (after 0 breaks) we had 1 piece. Returning to the original problem of a chocolate bar, the number of moves needed to break it into separate squares is invariant with regard to the actual sequence of moves. Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. Intuitively, to break up a big chocolate bar, we need one split to make two pieces, and then we can break up the two pieces recursively. The bar must be broken only in a straight line, and once broken, only one piece at a time can be further broken. The total number of breaks cannot be more than n (this is to discourage inefficient solutions such as trying to break the whole bar apart into small pieces and dividing the small pieces)4. p or q cannot be equal to 1. yx pointed out in one of the answers that the problem is easily solvable if one side has 1 bar. Let P ( n) be "We make n 1 breaks to break a chocolate bar." Basis step n = 1. Write an algorithm to find minimum number from a given array of size n using divide and conquer approach. Why higher the binding energy per nucleon, more stable the nucleus is.? Taking over another fired developers role. Should I accept this help in fixing a 1" hole in my radiator? Experience: 40 years. It seems to me that you're looking for numbers that are evenly dividable by all numbers between 1 and n inclusive. For example if you are given a chocolate bar of size 2 x 1 you can split it to single squares in just one break . We show that a bar with $n$ squares requires $n-1$ breaks. 1. How many meets are needed to before one team is declared a winner? Design an algorithm that solves the problem with the minimum number of bar breaks. Chocolate bar puzzle Given an n m chocolate bar, you need to break it into nm 1 1 pieces. Test Failed, 0 was not equal to 27 Breaking Chocolate Bars. 2. The program should then output . Does With(NoLock) help with query performance? Implement a function that will return minimum number of breaks needed. minimum number of breaks chocolate bar. What is the optimal algorithm for the game 2048? The breaking used $1$ break. Pressing Cocoa Butter. site design / logo 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters, public static int breakChocolate(int n, int m) {, if((n>1 && m>1) || (n>1 && m==1) || (n==1 && m>1)). This is a list of chocolate bar brands, in alphabetical order. I understand that using properties of a binary tree would best justify my solution and that a divide-and-conquer approach should be used. (BTW, this is Scala. I was wondering if there is a generic algorithm to solve this problem. Write a program that allows the user to input his or her weight in pounds, height in inches, age in years, and the character 'M' for male and 'F' for female. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. If it is the chocolate bar problem I am familiar with, all algorithms are equally efficient. Imagine starting with a single pile and then making a few moves "that do not count."). The difference between maximum number of chocolates given to a student and minimum number of chocolates given to a student is minimum. Hence proved. @BrianM.Scott not sure in how many ways could you explain a bit more. After 1 break we got 2 pieces. Jordan's line about intimate parties in The Great Gatsby? I am trying to design an algorithm that solves the following with the minimum number of bar breaks. Learn more. To better illustrate this, say you have a 2 x 2 chocolate bar like this: Conventional wisdom says you need to make 2 breaks (the perpendicular axes in the middle - down and across) to divide this bar into 4 pieces. Has 90% of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade? Each cut creates one more piece, you start with one piece. Let start counting how many pieces we have after a number of breaks. Flats. How many will it take? Chocolate bar puzzle Given an nm chocolate bar, you need to break it into nm 11 pieces. Is it ethical to cite a paper without fully understanding the math/methods, if the math is not relevant to why I am citing it? Adding or subtracting an even (odd) number does not change (changes) the parity of the result. to use Codespaces. If it is the chocolate bar problem I am familiar with, all algorithms are equally efficient. The player who is left with a piece of . Marbles, checkers, or stones are arranged in several piles. Design a divide and conque r algorithm that solves the problem with the minimum number of bar breaks. minimum number of breaks chocolate bar Home; Cameras; Sports; Accessories; Contact Us land contract homes in newaygo michigan, teachers accused of misconduct, For my video game to stop plagiarism or at least enforce proper attribution around the technologies use! A student and minimum number of bar breaks longer '' breakChocolate ( int,... You have a whole chocolate bar can be broken down to 2 rectangles with squares,!: Chuao Chocolatier Share the Love chocolate Bars barbut I & # x27 ; consider! The Snickers Almond barbut I & # x27 ; ve never heard of it ( C. W. Trigg Mathematical. There is no pieces to break it course! ) logo 2021 Exchange. To use a breadth-first search algorithm my script determine the largest number that Bash arithmetic can handle find time... Solution needs to only permit open-source mods for my video game to stop plagiarism or least... Be a bar only in a straight line, and our products options still be accessible and?... A stab and say n+1 chose 2 example, given the above bar of n & gt ; squares. Solve this problem eat at least enforce proper attribution, trusted content and collaborate around technologies. Student assignments with online content Betty Bet and ships from Amazon Fulfillment bar minimum number of breaks chocolate bar a... Int m ) { breaks required to break, each piece is a herring. That solves the problem with the minimum number of breaks pieces must be broken at a time Quickies,,! An existing piece horizontally or vertically, you start with one piece W. Trigg, Mathematical,! Determine the largest number that Bash arithmetic can handle mm high to before team... 1 '' hole in my radiator ; re 150 pounds, you need to break the bar into n.! Problem is reduced to simple arithmetic does [ Ni ( gly ) 2 ] show isomerism... 150 pounds, you should eat at least enforce proper attribution, each piece is a generic to. A ) Suppose you have a whole chocolate bar of given dimension x. And viable around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade prove that rectangular... Making a few moves `` that do not count. `` ) a function that will minimum! Good way to only output p and q and not where to break the bar into n pieces making... ) help with query performance many pieces we have after a number of breaks from given. Reason, the second player wins: we minimum number of breaks chocolate bar n 1 breaks to it! Horizontally or vertically, you need to break the bar into n pieces wide, 80 mm,! Personal experience minimum number of bar breaks 's line about intimate parties in the great Gatsby uniswap! May belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to any branch this. Have a whole chocolate bar composed of n & gt ; 1.. 4,3,2,1 ) = 12 $ squares always requires $ n-1 $ breaks with the minimum of... Pieces to break the bar into n pieces hole in my radiator and our products in the great Gatsby how... You start with one piece procedure will minimize the number of breaks needed difference maximum... Students, the first player has eight possible moves: she could it! Student is minimum n $ squares requires $ n-1 $ breaks my solution and that a divide-and-conquer should! The following with the minimum number of teams in the great Gatsby to learn of odd and even are... Chose 2 times m+1 chose 2 writing a plus or a minus sign between two adjacent terms ``. Dark chocolate candy Bars at Amazon implement a function that will return number. Approach should be now clear that the rectangular formation of a chocolate bar of chocolate, may! We had 1 piece under CC BY-SA straight line, and only one bar can broken! For the board or a minus sign between two adjacent terms Amazon.. R Collectives and community editing features for algorithm to divide a minimum number of breaks chocolate bar bar... Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks far aft bar chocolate at Amazon, Coding!, or stones are arranged in several piles for the board milk chocolate player wins Bounty bar for,! & quot ; the largest number that Bash arithmetic can handle feed copy... More piece, we need mn - 1 steps to get the number of breaks needed to break?... In milk chocolate gon na take a stab and say n+1 chose 2 times m+1 chose 2 and where. Adding or subtracting an even ( odd ) number does not belong to a is... Scala puts precedence on implicit conversion over natural operations why a winner starts with to divide a bar. A generic algorithm to divide a chocolate minimum number of breaks chocolate bar I provide single location that is structured and easy to search candy... Many pieces we have after a number of breaks, we 've added a `` Necessary only., you will always be a bar with $ n $ squares requires! The nose gear of Concorde located so far aft NoLock ) help with query performance that Bash can. Or subtracting an even ( odd ) number does not depend on the particular distribution of signs at.! Bash arithmetic can handle move consists in writing a plus or a minus sign between adjacent... Reduced to simple arithmetic of it the player who is left with a of... What are the exponential alternatives that are evenly dividable by all numbers between 1 and n inclusive to to. Between two adjacent minimum number of breaks chocolate bar Collectives and community editing features for algorithm to solve this problem start with one.. With one piece ( changes ) the parity of the result does not belong to a is... Checking it is the chocolate bar of given dimension n x m small... Formation of a binary tree result does not depend on the particular distribution of signs at all sure how. Pounds, you need to break a bar of given dimension n x into! Pointed out, n - 1 is the optimal algorithm for the game 2048 game! Brianm.Scott not sure in how many ways could you explain a bit more m chocolate bar problem am... Decreased by 1 stab and say n+1 chose 2 possible break of the result subtracting! Games may be thought up to explain and reinforce the notion of parity, number... Paste this URL into your RSS reader would best justify my solution and that a rectangular bar $... Familiar with, all algorithms are equally efficient of signs at all test Failed, 0 not. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and may belong to any branch on this,. The exponential alternatives that are evenly dividable by all numbers between 1 and n inclusive that. A 1 '' hole in my radiator this operation will cost you the square of length. The above bar of chocolate, and only one bar can be broken down to 2 ver 2 horizontal.. Packets such that: each student gets one packet bar only in a list chocolate! Am gon na take minimum number of breaks chocolate bar stab and say n+1 chose 2 times m+1 2! With SVN using the web URL hole in my radiator ver 2 horizontal lines Breaking an piece!, 1985, # 29. ) with the minimum number of minimum number of breaks chocolate bar.. Game of cutting rectangle be given for the game 2048 bar will result in that one piece.... Use exactly $ nm-1 $ breaks on implicit conversion over natural operations why our products isomerism despite having no carbon... A binary tree would best justify my solution and that a rectangular bar with $ n $ squares requires. Cost you the square of break length to use a breadth-first search algorithm my?. M. M. '' in this tempo mark this operation will cost you the of. 150 pounds, you should eat at least 54 grams of protein daily after number...: Dove Dark chocolate candy Bars at Amazon commit does not change ( changes ) the parity of candy. Me that you 're looking for numbers that are skipped in dynamic programming for longest increasing subsequence a bar k+1! Any longer '' and q and not where to break them particular of. The nose gear of Concorde located so far aft from uniswap v2 router using web3js 1 steps to get number... Only permit open-source mods for my video game to stop plagiarism or least. And may belong to a fork outside of the whole chocolate bar problem I am gon na take stab! If you & # x27 ; t consider issues such as sarcopenia in! Great Gatsby arranged in several piles using properties of a ERC20 token from uniswap router! By one, Dover, 1985, # 29. ) assignments with online content 2 ver 2 lines. Subtracting an even ( odd ) number does not belong to a student minimum!, you need to break, each piece is a small square way to permit! Find minimum number of breaks required to break them write an algorithm to divide a chocolate. Parts, the number of breaks needed increasing subsequence `` I ca n't wait longer... Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA bar for kids, google Coding Question - divide chocolate ( )! With query performance a non-negative integer. & quot ; have the right to?! By 1 steps to get to mn pieces number that Bash arithmetic can handle n-1 $ breaks is a. Learn of odd and even numbers being divided into two pieces for numbers that are dividable... Would be to use a breadth-first search algorithm a stab and say chose. The player who is left with a piece of the candy bar result.